Liquid Polybutadiene Market Insights 2025, Analysis and Forecast to 2030, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Application, Product Type
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The Liquid Polybutadiene (LPB) market is a niche yet vital segment of the polymer industry, characterized by its versatility and high-performance properties. LPB, a low-molecular-weight polymer, is prized for its flexibility, chemical resistance, and adhesion, making it a key material in automotive tires, sealants, and electrical insulation. The market is highly concentrated, with top players—Cray Valley, Synthomer, Idemitsu Kosan, Evonik Industries, and Kuraray—accounting for over 90% of revenue share. In H1 2022, Synthomer completed a de-bottlenecking project at its Stallingborough, UK plant, boosting capacity and signaling strategic investments to meet demand. LPB’s applications span automotive (30%-35%), sealing and coating materials (25%-30%), electrical insulation (20%-25%), and housing and construction (10%-15%), with North America, Europe, and APAC leading consumption. The market benefits from steady demand in tire manufacturing and construction, though it faces challenges from raw material price volatility and competition from solid rubbers.
Market Size and Growth Forecast
The global LPB market is estimated to reach USD 300 million to USD 350 million in 2025, with a projected CAGR of 3% to 4% through 2030, potentially expanding to USD 360 million to USD 430 million. This moderate growth reflects stable industrial demand and incremental innovations.
Regional Analysis
North America: Projected at 3% to 4%, with 30%-35% share, the U.S. leads with automotive and insulation uses. Trends focus on tire production and energy-efficient coatings.
Europe: Forecasted at 3% to 4%, with 25%-35% share, Germany and the UK drive demand in automotive and construction. Trends emphasize sustainable materials.
Asia Pacific: Anticipated at 4% to 5%, with 25%-30% share, China and Japan dominate with tire manufacturing. Trends highlight industrial growth and cost optimization.
Middle East and Africa: Expected at 2% to 3%, with 3%-5% share, the UAE leads with construction needs. Trends focus on niche applications.
South America: Projected at 2% to 3%, with 5%-10% share, Brazil emerges with automotive uses. Trends emphasize affordable solutions.
Application Analysis
Automotive: Projected at 3% to 4%, with 30%-35% share, LPB enhances tire durability. Trends focus on EV tire innovations.
Sealing & Coating Materials: Forecasted at 3% to 4%, with 25%-30% share, it improves weather resistance. Trends highlight eco-friendly sealants.
Electrical Insulation: Anticipated at 3% to 4%, with 20%-25% share, LPB ensures flexibility. Trends focus on renewable energy cables.
Housing and Construction: Expected at 2% to 3%, with 10%-15% share, it serves sealants. Trends emphasize durability.
Type Analysis
Homopolymers: Projected at 3% to 4%, with 60%-70% share, they offer consistency. Trends focus on tire and insulation uses.
Copolymers: Forecasted at 3% to 4%, with 30%-40% share, they enhance adhesion. Trends highlight coating innovations.
Key Market Players
Synthomer: A UK leader, Synthomer excels in tire and coating solutions.
Idemitsu Kosan: A Japanese firm, Idemitsu targets automotive applications.
Evonik Industries: A German player, Evonik focuses on high-performance polymers.
Cray Valley: A French company, Cray Valley leads in tire-grade LPB.
Nippon Soda: A Japanese entity, Nippon Soda serves industrial uses.
Kuraray: A Japanese firm, Kuraray emphasizes specialty applications.
SIBUR: A Russian company, SIBUR boosts regional supply.
Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
●Threat of New Entrants: Low, due to high concentration and technical expertise barriers.
●Threat of Substitutes: Moderate, with solid rubbers competing, though LPB’s properties sustain demand.
●Bargaining Power of Buyers: Moderate, as large tire makers negotiate pricing, but niche uses limit options.
●Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Moderate-to-high, with raw material volatility affecting costs.
●Competitive Rivalry: High, with top five players dominating and investing in capacity.
Market Opportunities and Challenges
Opportunities
●Automotive Growth: EV tire demand boosts LPB use.
●Capacity Expansion: Synthomer’s 2022 project signals supply growth.
●Sustainable Trends: Eco-friendly sealants align with regulations.
●Emerging Markets: APAC’s industrialization offers potential.
●Industrial Uses: Insulation demand in renewables rises.
Challenges
●Raw Material Volatility: Butadiene price swings impact costs.
●Substitute Competition: Solid rubbers challenge in cost-sensitive areas.
●High Concentration: Top players limit new entrant scope.
●Regulatory Pressures: Environmental rules raise compliance costs.
●Market Maturity: Stable growth limits explosive expansion.
Chapter 1 Executive Summary
Chapter 2 Abbreviation and Acronyms
Chapter 3 Preface
3.1 Research Scope
3.2 Research Sources
3.2.1 Data Sources
3.2.2 Assumptions
3.3 Research Method
Chapter 4 Market Landscape
4.1 Market Overview
4.2 Classification/Types
4.3 Application/End Users
Chapter 5 Market Trend Analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Drivers
5.3 Restraints
5.4 Opportunities
5.5 Threats
Chapter 6 Industry Chain Analysis
6.1 Upstream/Suppliers Analysis
6.2 Liquid Polybutadiene Analysis
6.2.1 Technology Analysis
6.2.2 Cost Analysis
6.2.3 Market Channel Analysis
6.3 Downstream Buyers/End Users
Chapter 7 Latest Market Dynamics
7.1 Latest News
7.2 Merger and Acquisition
7.3 Planned/Future Project
7.4 Policy Dynamics
Chapter 8 Trading Analysis
8.1 Export of Liquid Polybutadiene by Region
8.2 Import of Liquid Polybutadiene by Region
8.3 Balance of Trade
Chapter 9 Historical and Forecast Liquid Polybutadiene Market in North America (2020-2030)
9.1 Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size
9.2 Liquid Polybutadiene Demand by End Use
9.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
9.4 Type Segmentation and Price
9.5 Key Countries Analysis
9.5.1 United States
9.5.2 Canada
9.5.3 Mexico
Chapter 10 Historical and Forecast Liquid Polybutadiene Market in South America (2020-2030)
10.1 Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size
10.2 Liquid Polybutadiene Demand by End Use
10.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
10.4 Type Segmentation and Price
10.5 Key Countries Analysis
10.5.1 Brazil
10.5.2 Argentina
10.5.3 Chile
10.5.4 Peru
Chapter 11 Historical and Forecast Liquid Polybutadiene Market in Asia & Pacific (2020-2030)
11.1 Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size
11.2 Liquid Polybutadiene Demand by End Use
11.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
11.4 Type Segmentation and Price
11.5 Key Countries Analysis
11.5.1 China
11.5.2 India
11.5.3 Japan
11.5.4 South Korea
11.5.5 Asean
11.5.6 Australia
Chapter 12 Historical and Forecast Liquid Polybutadiene Market in Europe (2020-2030)
12.1 Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size
12.2 Liquid Polybutadiene Demand by End Use
12.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
12.4 Type Segmentation and Price
12.5 Key Countries Analysis
12.5.1 Germany
12.5.2 France
12.5.3 United Kingdom
12.5.4 Italy
12.5.5 Spain
12.5.6 Belgium
12.5.7 Netherlands
12.5.8 Austria
12.5.9 Poland
12.5.10 Russia
Chapter 13 Historical and Forecast Liquid Polybutadiene Market in MEA (2020-2030)
13.1 Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size
13.2 Liquid Polybutadiene Demand by End Use
13.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
13.4 Type Segmentation and Price
13.5 Key Countries Analysis
13.5.1 Egypt
13.5.2 Israel
13.5.3 South Africa
13.5.4 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
13.5.5 Turkey
Chapter 14 Summary For Global Liquid Polybutadiene Market (2020-2030)
14.1 Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size
14.2 Liquid Polybutadiene Demand by End Use
14.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
14.4 Type Segmentation and Price
Chapter 15 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Market Forecast (2021-2026)
15.1 Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size Forecast
15.2 Liquid Polybutadiene Demand Forecast
15.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
15.4 Type Segmentation and Price Forecast
Chapter 16 Analysis of Global Key Vendors
15.1 Synthomer
15.1.1 Company Profile
15.1.2 Main Business and Liquid Polybutadiene Information
15.1.3 SWOT Analysis of Synthomer
15.1.4 Synthomer Liquid Polybutadiene Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
15.2 Idemitsu Kosan
15.2.1 Company Profile
15.2.2 Main Business and Liquid Polybutadiene Information
15.2.3 SWOT Analysis of Idemitsu Kosan
15.2.4 Idemitsu Kosan Liquid Polybutadiene Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
15.3 Evonik Industries
15.3.1 Company Profile
15.3.2 Main Business and Liquid Polybutadiene Information
15.3.3 SWOT Analysis of Evonik Industries
15.3.4 Evonik Industries Liquid Polybutadiene Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
15.4 Cray Valley
15.4.1 Company Profile
15.4.2 Main Business and Liquid Polybutadiene Information
15.4.3 SWOT Analysis of Cray Valley
15.4.4 Cray Valley Liquid Polybutadiene Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
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Table Research Scope Of Liquid Polybutadiene Report
Table Data Sources Of Liquid Polybutadiene Report
Table Major Assumptions Of Liquid Polybutadiene Report
Table Liquid Polybutadiene Classification
Table Liquid Polybutadiene Applications List
Table Drivers Of Liquid Polybutadiene Market
Table Restraints Of Liquid Polybutadiene Market
Table Opportunities Of Liquid Polybutadiene Market
Table Threats Of Liquid Polybutadiene Market
Table Raw Materials Suppliers List
Table Different Production Methods Of Liquid Polybutadiene
Table Cost Structure Analysis Of Liquid Polybutadiene
Table Key End Users List
Table Latest News Of Liquid Polybutadiene Market
Table Merger And Acquisition List
Table Planned/Future Project Of Liquid Polybutadiene Market
Table Policy Of Liquid Polybutadiene Market
Table 2020-2030 Regional Export Of Liquid Polybutadiene
Table 2020-2030 Regional Import Of Liquid Polybutadiene
Table 2020-2030 Regional Trade Balance
Table 2020-2030 North America Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 North America Liquid Polybutadiene Demand List By Application
Table 2020-2025 North America Liquid Polybutadiene Key Players Sales List
Table 2020-2025 North America Liquid Polybutadiene Key Players Market Share List
Table 2020-2030 North America Liquid Polybutadiene Demand List By Type
Table 2020-2025 North America Liquid Polybutadiene Price List By Type
Table 2020-2030 United States Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 United States Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Canada Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Canada Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Mexico Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Mexico Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 South America Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 South America Liquid Polybutadiene Demand List By Application
Table 2020-2025 South America Liquid Polybutadiene Key Players Sales List
Table 2020-2025 South America Liquid Polybutadiene Key Players Market Share List
Table 2020-2030 South America Liquid Polybutadiene Demand List By Type
Table 2020-2025 South America Liquid Polybutadiene Price List By Type
Table 2020-2030 Brazil Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Brazil Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Argentina Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Argentina Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Chile Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Chile Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Peru Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Peru Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Asia & Pacific Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Asia & Pacific Liquid Polybutadiene Demand List By Application
Table 2020-2025 Asia & Pacific Liquid Polybutadiene Key Players Sales List
Table 2020-2025 Asia & Pacific Liquid Polybutadiene Key Players Market Share List
Table 2020-2030 Asia & Pacific Liquid Polybutadiene Demand List By Type
Table 2020-2025 Asia & Pacific Liquid Polybutadiene Price List By Type
Table 2020-2030 China Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 China Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 India Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 India Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Japan Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Japan Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 South Korea Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 South Korea Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Southeast Asia Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size List
Table 2020-2030 Southeast Asia Liquid Polybutadiene Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Southeast Asia Liquid Polybutadiene Import List
Table 2020-2030 Southeast Asia Liquid Polybutadiene Export List
Table 2020-2030 Australia Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Australia Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Europe Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Europe Liquid Polybutadiene Demand List By Application
Table 2020-2025 Europe Liquid Polybutadiene Key Players Sales List
Table 2020-2025 Europe Liquid Polybutadiene Key Players Market Share List
Table 2020-2030 Europe Liquid Polybutadiene Demand List By Type
Table 2020-2025 Europe Liquid Polybutadiene Price List By Type
Table 2020-2030 Germany Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Germany Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 France Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 France Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 United Kingdom Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 United Kingdom Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Italy Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Italy Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Spain Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Spain Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Belgium Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Belgium Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Netherlands Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Netherlands Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Austria Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Austria Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Poland Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Poland Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Russia Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Russia Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Mea Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Mea Liquid Polybutadiene Demand List By Application
Table 2020-2025 Mea Liquid Polybutadiene Key Players Sales List
Table 2020-2025 Mea Liquid Polybutadiene Key Players Market Share List
Table 2020-2030 Mea Liquid Polybutadiene Demand List By Type
Table 2020-2025 Mea Liquid Polybutadiene Price List By Type
Table 2020-2030 Egypt Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Egypt Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Israel Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Israel Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 South Africa Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 South Africa Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Turkey Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Turkey Liquid Polybutadiene Import & Export List
Table 2020-2025 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size List By Region
Table 2020-2025 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size Share List By Region
Table 2020-2025 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Market Volume List By Region
Table 2020-2025 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Market Volume Share List By Region
Table 2020-2025 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Demand List By Application
Table 2020-2025 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Demand Market Share List By Application
Table 2020-2025 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Capacity List
Table 2020-2025 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2020-2025 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Key Vendors Production List
Table 2020-2025 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Key Vendors Production Share List
Table 2020-2025 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Key Vendors Production Value List
Table 2020-2025 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2020-2025 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Demand List By Type
Table 2020-2025 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Demand Market Share List By Type
Table 2020-2025 Regional Liquid Polybutadiene Price List
Table 2025-2030 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size List By Region
Table 2025-2030 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size Share List By Region
Table 2025-2030 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Market Volume List By Region
Table 2025-2030 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Market Volume Share List By Region
Table 2025-2030 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Demand List By Application
Table 2025-2030 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Demand Market Share List By Application
Table 2025-2030 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Capacity List
Table 2025-2030 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2025-2030 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Key Vendors Production List
Table 2025-2030 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Key Vendors Production Share List
Table 2025-2030 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Key Vendors Production Value List
Table 2025-2030 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2025-2030 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Demand List By Type
Table 2025-2030 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Demand Market Share List By Type
Table 2025-2030 Liquid Polybutadiene Regional Price List
Figure Market Size Estimated Method
Figure Major Forecasting Factors
Figure Liquid Polybutadiene Picture
Figure 2020-2030 Regional Trade Balance
Figure 2020-2030 North America Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 North America Liquid Polybutadiene Market Volume And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 South America Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 South America Liquid Polybutadiene Market Volume And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 Asia & Pacific Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 Asia & Pacific Liquid Polybutadiene Market Volume And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 Europe Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 Europe Liquid Polybutadiene Market Volume And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 Mea Liquid Polybutadiene Market Size And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 Mea Liquid Polybutadiene Market Volume And Cagr
Figure 2020-2025 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Capacity Production And Growth Rate
Figure 2020-2025 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Production Value And Growth Rate
Figure 2025-2030 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Capacity Production And Growth Rate
Figure 2025-2030 Global Liquid Polybutadiene Production Value And Growth Rate
Research Methodology
- Market Estimated Methodology:
Bottom-up & top-down approach, supply & demand approach are the most important method which is used by HDIN Research to estimate the market size.
1)Top-down & Bottom-up Approach
Top-down approach uses a general market size figure and determines the percentage that the objective market represents.
Bottom-up approach size the objective market by collecting the sub-segment information.
2)Supply & Demand Approach
Supply approach is based on assessments of the size of each competitor supplying the objective market.
Demand approach combine end-user data within a market to estimate the objective market size. It is sometimes referred to as bottom-up approach.
- Forecasting Methodology
- Numerous factors impacting the market trend are considered for forecast model:
- New technology and application in the future;
- New project planned/under contraction;
- Global and regional underlying economic growth;
- Threatens of substitute products;
- Industry expert opinion;
- Policy and Society implication.
- Analysis Tools
1)PEST Analysis
PEST Analysis is a simple and widely used tool that helps our client analyze the Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural, and Technological changes in their business environment.
- Benefits of a PEST analysis:
- It helps you to spot business opportunities, and it gives you advanced warning of significant threats.
- It reveals the direction of change within your business environment. This helps you shape what you’re doing, so that you work with change, rather than against it.
- It helps you avoid starting projects that are likely to fail, for reasons beyond your control.
- It can help you break free of unconscious assumptions when you enter a new country, region, or market; because it helps you develop an objective view of this new environment.
2)Porter’s Five Force Model Analysis
The Porter’s Five Force Model is a tool that can be used to analyze the opportunities and overall competitive advantage. The five forces that can assist in determining the competitive intensity and potential attractiveness within a specific area.
- Threat of New Entrants: Profitable industries that yield high returns will attract new firms.
- Threat of Substitutes: A substitute product uses a different technology to try to solve the same economic need.
- Bargaining Power of Customers: the ability of customers to put the firm under pressure, which also affects the customer's sensitivity to price changes.
- Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Suppliers of raw materials, components, labor, and services (such as expertise) to the firm can be a source of power over the firm when there are few substitutes.
- Competitive Rivalry: For most industries the intensity of competitive rivalry is the major determinant of the competitiveness of the industry.
3)Value Chain Analysis
Value chain analysis is a tool to identify activities, within and around the firm and relating these activities to an assessment of competitive strength. Value chain can be analyzed by primary activities and supportive activities. Primary activities include: inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing & sales, service. Support activities include: technology development, human resource management, management, finance, legal, planning.
4)SWOT Analysis
SWOT analysis is a tool used to evaluate a company's competitive position by identifying its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The strengths and weakness is the inner factor; the opportunities and threats are the external factor. By analyzing the inner and external factors, the analysis can provide the detail information of the position of a player and the characteristics of the industry.
- Strengths describe what the player excels at and separates it from the competition
- Weaknesses stop the player from performing at its optimum level.
- Opportunities refer to favorable external factors that the player can use to give it a competitive advantage.
- Threats refer to factors that have the potential to harm the player.
- Data Sources
Primary Sources | Secondary Sources |
---|---|
Face to face/Phone Interviews with market participants, such as: Manufactures; Distributors; End-users; Experts. Online Survey |
Government/International Organization Data: Annual Report/Presentation/Fact Book Internet Source Information Industry Association Data Free/Purchased Database Market Research Report Book/Journal/News |