Polyimide Varnish Market Insights 2025, Analysis and Forecast to 2030, by Manufacturers, Regions, Technology, Application, Product Type
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Introduction
Polyimide Varnish is a high-performance coating material derived from polyimide precursors, renowned for its exceptional thermal stability, electrical insulation, and chemical resistance. These properties make it indispensable in demanding applications such as semiconductors, displays, and enamel products, particularly in industries requiring materials that withstand extreme conditions like aerospace, electronics, and automotive. The market is currently dominated by Japanese firms like Mitsubishi Gas Chemical (MGC) and UBE Corporation, with South Korea’s PI Advanced Materials Co. Ltd. carving out a significant share, while Chinese manufacturers like Hubei Dinglong Holdings Co. Ltd. are rapidly expanding capacity to meet growing domestic demand. Notable expansions include PI Advanced Materials’ current 600-ton capacity, set to scale to 6,600 tons by 2027 following Arkema’s acquisition of a 54% stake in 2023, and Hubei Dinglong’s 1,000-ton increase in 2023 targeting flexible OLED displays. The market is estimated at USD 250-450 million in 2025, with a projected CAGR of 6.8%-9.8% from 2025 to 2030, driven by the surge in flexible electronics and electric vehicle (EV) adoption.
Market Size and Growth Forecast
The Polyimide Varnish market is anticipated to reach USD 250-450 million in 2025, growing at a CAGR of 6.8%-9.8% through 2030. This robust growth reflects rising demand in high-tech applications, supported by technological advancements and capacity expansions, though tempered by competition and raw material cost pressures.
Regional Analysis
Asia Pacific: Growth is estimated at 7.5%-10.5%, with Japan, South Korea, and China leading due to their dominance in electronics and EV manufacturing. Japan focuses on high-quality varnish for semiconductors, South Korea drives display innovations, and China emphasizes cost-competitive production for OLEDs.
North America: The market grows at 6.0%-9.0%, with the U.S. prioritizing aerospace and semiconductor applications. Trends highlight advanced material development.
Europe: Growth ranges from 5.8%-8.8%, led by Germany, with demand in automotive and industrial uses. Sustainability is a key trend.
Rest of the World: Growth is projected at 5.5%-8.0%, with India emerging in electronics manufacturing.
Application Analysis
Semiconductor: Growing at 7.0%-10.0%, it uses varnish as passivation or sacrificial layers in transistors and IC chips. Trends focus on miniaturization and performance enhancement.
Display: With a growth rate of 8.0%-11.0%, it supports TFT substrates for flexible OLEDs, driven by demand for foldable devices.
Enamel Products: Growing at 6.5%-9.5%, it coats wires and rods for EVs and electrical equipment, with trends toward durability in harsh environments.
Others: Including aerospace coatings, this grows at 5.5%-8.5%, with steady niche demand.
Type Analysis
Transparent Polyimide Varnish: Growing at 7.5%-10.5%, it excels in optical clarity for displays and semiconductors, trending toward flexible electronics.
Non-Transparent Polyimide Varnish: With a growth rate of 6.0%-9.0%, it serves enamel and industrial uses, focusing on thermal and chemical resistance.
Key Market Players
Mitsubishi Gas Chemical (MGC): Based in Japan, MGC offers Neopulim™ varnish, targeting high-performance electronics and industrial applications.
UBE Corporation: In Japan, UBE provides UPIA® varnish, known for its reliability in semiconductors and displays.
I.S.T Corporation: Also Japanese, it supplies Pyre-M.L.®︎ varnish, focusing on insulation solutions.
JFE Chemical Corporation: In Japan, it produces JIV varnish for industrial and EV applications.
PI Advanced Materials Co. Ltd.: In South Korea, it offers Leomid™ varnish, expanding in OLED markets.
Unitika: A Japanese firm, it provides U-Imide® varnish for diverse uses.
Mitsui Chemicals: In Japan, it supplies PIVAR™ soluble varnish, targeting advanced coatings.
Hubei Dinglong Holdings Co. Ltd.: In China, it produces YPI varnish, focusing on flexible displays.
Porter’s Five Forces Analysis
●Threat of New Entrants: Moderate, as high technical expertise and capital deter entry, though growing demand attracts new players.
●Threat of Substitutes: Moderate, with alternatives like epoxy coatings competing, but polyimide’s unique properties maintain its edge.
●Bargaining Power of Buyers: Moderate to high, as large electronics firms negotiate prices, though specialized applications limit options.
●Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Moderate, with raw material supply concentrated among chemical giants.
●Industry Rivalry: High, driven by competition among Japanese, Korean, and emerging Chinese firms.
Market Opportunities and Challenges
Opportunities
●Surge in flexible OLED displays and EV adoption boosts demand for varnish in displays and enamel products.
●Capacity expansions, like PI Advanced Materials’ 6,600-ton target, enhance market supply.
●Growth in semiconductor miniaturization offers new application avenues.
Challenges
●High production costs and raw material volatility limit scalability.
●Intense competition from established Japanese players pressures new entrants.
●Regulatory pressures on chemical manufacturing increase compliance costs.
Chapter 1 Executive Summary
Chapter 2 Abbreviation and Acronyms
Chapter 3 Preface
3.1 Research Scope
3.2 Research Sources
3.2.1 Data Sources
3.2.2 Assumptions
3.3 Research Method
Chapter 4 Market Landscape
4.1 Market Overview
4.2 Classification/Types
4.3 Application/End Users
Chapter 5 Market Trend Analysis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Drivers
5.3 Restraints
5.4 Opportunities
5.5 Threats
Chapter 6 Industry Chain Analysis
6.1 Upstream/Suppliers Analysis
6.2 Polyimide Varnish Analysis
6.2.1 Technology Analysis
6.2.2 Cost Analysis
6.2.3 Market Channel Analysis
6.3 Downstream Buyers/End Users
Chapter 7 Latest Market Dynamics
7.1 Latest News
7.2 Merger and Acquisition
7.3 Planned/Future Project
7.4 Policy Dynamics
Chapter 8 Trading Analysis
8.1 Export of Polyimide Varnish by Region
8.2 Import of Polyimide Varnish by Region
8.3 Balance of Trade
Chapter 9 Historical and Forecast Polyimide Varnish Market in North America (2020-2030)
9.1 Polyimide Varnish Market Size
9.2 Polyimide Varnish Demand by End Use
9.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
9.4 Type Segmentation and Price
9.5 Key Countries Analysis
9.5.1 United States
9.5.2 Canada
9.5.3 Mexico
Chapter 10 Historical and Forecast Polyimide Varnish Market in South America (2020-2030)
10.1 Polyimide Varnish Market Size
10.2 Polyimide Varnish Demand by End Use
10.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
10.4 Type Segmentation and Price
10.5 Key Countries Analysis
10.5.1 Brazil
10.5.2 Argentina
10.5.3 Chile
10.5.4 Peru
Chapter 11 Historical and Forecast Polyimide Varnish Market in Asia & Pacific (2020-2030)
11.1 Polyimide Varnish Market Size
11.2 Polyimide Varnish Demand by End Use
11.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
11.4 Type Segmentation and Price
11.5 Key Countries Analysis
11.5.1 China
11.5.2 India
11.5.3 Japan
11.5.4 South Korea
11.5.5 Asean
11.5.6 Australia
Chapter 12 Historical and Forecast Polyimide Varnish Market in Europe (2020-2030)
12.1 Polyimide Varnish Market Size
12.2 Polyimide Varnish Demand by End Use
12.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
12.4 Type Segmentation and Price
12.5 Key Countries Analysis
12.5.1 Germany
12.5.2 France
12.5.3 United Kingdom
12.5.4 Italy
12.5.5 Spain
12.5.6 Belgium
12.5.7 Netherlands
12.5.8 Austria
12.5.9 Poland
12.5.10 Russia
Chapter 13 Historical and Forecast Polyimide Varnish Market in MEA (2020-2030)
13.1 Polyimide Varnish Market Size
13.2 Polyimide Varnish Demand by End Use
13.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
13.4 Type Segmentation and Price
13.5 Key Countries Analysis
13.5.1 Egypt
13.5.2 Israel
13.5.3 South Africa
13.5.4 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
13.5.5 Turkey
Chapter 14 Summary For Global Polyimide Varnish Market (2020-2030)
14.1 Polyimide Varnish Market Size
14.2 Polyimide Varnish Demand by End Use
14.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
14.4 Type Segmentation and Price
Chapter 15 Global Polyimide Varnish Market Forecast (2021-2026)
15.1 Polyimide Varnish Market Size Forecast
15.2 Polyimide Varnish Demand Forecast
15.3 Competition by Players/Suppliers
15.4 Type Segmentation and Price Forecast
Chapter 16 Analysis of Global Key Vendors
15.1 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical (MGC)
15.1.1 Company Profile
15.1.2 Main Business and Polyimide Varnish Information
15.1.3 SWOT Analysis of Mitsubishi Gas Chemical (MGC)
15.1.4 Mitsubishi Gas Chemical (MGC) Polyimide Varnish Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
15.2 UBE Corporation
15.2.1 Company Profile
15.2.2 Main Business and Polyimide Varnish Information
15.2.3 SWOT Analysis of UBE Corporation
15.2.4 UBE Corporation Polyimide Varnish Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
15.3 I.S.T Corporation
15.3.1 Company Profile
15.3.2 Main Business and Polyimide Varnish Information
15.3.3 SWOT Analysis of I.S.T Corporation
15.3.4 I.S.T Corporation Polyimide Varnish Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
15.4 JFE Chemical Corporation
15.4.1 Company Profile
15.4.2 Main Business and Polyimide Varnish Information
15.4.3 SWOT Analysis of JFE Chemical Corporation
15.4.4 JFE Chemical Corporation Polyimide Varnish Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
15.5 PI Advanced Materials Co. Ltd.
15.5.1 Company Profile
15.5.2 Main Business and Polyimide Varnish Information
15.5.3 SWOT Analysis of PI Advanced Materials Co. Ltd.
15.5.4 PI Advanced Materials Co. Ltd. Polyimide Varnish Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
15.6 Unitika
15.6.1 Company Profile
15.6.2 Main Business and Polyimide Varnish Information
15.6.3 SWOT Analysis of Unitika
15.6.4 Unitika Polyimide Varnish Sales, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2020-2025)
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Table Research Scope Of Polyimide Varnish Report
Table Data Sources Of Polyimide Varnish Report
Table Major Assumptions Of Polyimide Varnish Report
Table Polyimide Varnish Classification
Table Polyimide Varnish Applications List
Table Drivers Of Polyimide Varnish Market
Table Restraints Of Polyimide Varnish Market
Table Opportunities Of Polyimide Varnish Market
Table Threats Of Polyimide Varnish Market
Table Raw Materials Suppliers List
Table Different Production Methods Of Polyimide Varnish
Table Cost Structure Analysis Of Polyimide Varnish
Table Key End Users List
Table Latest News Of Polyimide Varnish Market
Table Merger And Acquisition List
Table Planned/Future Project Of Polyimide Varnish Market
Table Policy Of Polyimide Varnish Market
Table 2020-2030 Regional Export Of Polyimide Varnish
Table 2020-2030 Regional Import Of Polyimide Varnish
Table 2020-2030 Regional Trade Balance
Table 2020-2030 North America Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 North America Polyimide Varnish Demand List By Application
Table 2020-2025 North America Polyimide Varnish Key Players Sales List
Table 2020-2025 North America Polyimide Varnish Key Players Market Share List
Table 2020-2030 North America Polyimide Varnish Demand List By Type
Table 2020-2025 North America Polyimide Varnish Price List By Type
Table 2020-2030 United States Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 United States Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Canada Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Canada Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Mexico Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Mexico Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 South America Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 South America Polyimide Varnish Demand List By Application
Table 2020-2025 South America Polyimide Varnish Key Players Sales List
Table 2020-2025 South America Polyimide Varnish Key Players Market Share List
Table 2020-2030 South America Polyimide Varnish Demand List By Type
Table 2020-2025 South America Polyimide Varnish Price List By Type
Table 2020-2030 Brazil Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Brazil Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Argentina Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Argentina Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Chile Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Chile Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Peru Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Peru Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Asia & Pacific Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Asia & Pacific Polyimide Varnish Demand List By Application
Table 2020-2025 Asia & Pacific Polyimide Varnish Key Players Sales List
Table 2020-2025 Asia & Pacific Polyimide Varnish Key Players Market Share List
Table 2020-2030 Asia & Pacific Polyimide Varnish Demand List By Type
Table 2020-2025 Asia & Pacific Polyimide Varnish Price List By Type
Table 2020-2030 China Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 China Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 India Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 India Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Japan Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Japan Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 South Korea Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 South Korea Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Southeast Asia Polyimide Varnish Market Size List
Table 2020-2030 Southeast Asia Polyimide Varnish Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Southeast Asia Polyimide Varnish Import List
Table 2020-2030 Southeast Asia Polyimide Varnish Export List
Table 2020-2030 Australia Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Australia Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Europe Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Europe Polyimide Varnish Demand List By Application
Table 2020-2025 Europe Polyimide Varnish Key Players Sales List
Table 2020-2025 Europe Polyimide Varnish Key Players Market Share List
Table 2020-2030 Europe Polyimide Varnish Demand List By Type
Table 2020-2025 Europe Polyimide Varnish Price List By Type
Table 2020-2030 Germany Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Germany Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 France Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 France Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 United Kingdom Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 United Kingdom Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Italy Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Italy Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Spain Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Spain Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Belgium Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Belgium Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Netherlands Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Netherlands Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Austria Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Austria Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Poland Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Poland Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Russia Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Russia Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Mea Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Mea Polyimide Varnish Demand List By Application
Table 2020-2025 Mea Polyimide Varnish Key Players Sales List
Table 2020-2025 Mea Polyimide Varnish Key Players Market Share List
Table 2020-2030 Mea Polyimide Varnish Demand List By Type
Table 2020-2025 Mea Polyimide Varnish Price List By Type
Table 2020-2030 Egypt Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Egypt Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Israel Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Israel Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 South Africa Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 South Africa Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Gulf Cooperation Council Countries Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2030 Turkey Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Market Volume List
Table 2020-2030 Turkey Polyimide Varnish Import & Export List
Table 2020-2025 Global Polyimide Varnish Market Size List By Region
Table 2020-2025 Global Polyimide Varnish Market Size Share List By Region
Table 2020-2025 Global Polyimide Varnish Market Volume List By Region
Table 2020-2025 Global Polyimide Varnish Market Volume Share List By Region
Table 2020-2025 Global Polyimide Varnish Demand List By Application
Table 2020-2025 Global Polyimide Varnish Demand Market Share List By Application
Table 2020-2025 Global Polyimide Varnish Capacity List
Table 2020-2025 Global Polyimide Varnish Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2020-2025 Global Polyimide Varnish Key Vendors Production List
Table 2020-2025 Global Polyimide Varnish Key Vendors Production Share List
Table 2020-2025 Global Polyimide Varnish Key Vendors Production Value List
Table 2020-2025 Global Polyimide Varnish Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2020-2025 Global Polyimide Varnish Demand List By Type
Table 2020-2025 Global Polyimide Varnish Demand Market Share List By Type
Table 2020-2025 Regional Polyimide Varnish Price List
Table 2025-2030 Global Polyimide Varnish Market Size List By Region
Table 2025-2030 Global Polyimide Varnish Market Size Share List By Region
Table 2025-2030 Global Polyimide Varnish Market Volume List By Region
Table 2025-2030 Global Polyimide Varnish Market Volume Share List By Region
Table 2025-2030 Global Polyimide Varnish Demand List By Application
Table 2025-2030 Global Polyimide Varnish Demand Market Share List By Application
Table 2025-2030 Global Polyimide Varnish Capacity List
Table 2025-2030 Global Polyimide Varnish Key Vendors Capacity Share List
Table 2025-2030 Global Polyimide Varnish Key Vendors Production List
Table 2025-2030 Global Polyimide Varnish Key Vendors Production Share List
Table 2025-2030 Global Polyimide Varnish Key Vendors Production Value List
Table 2025-2030 Global Polyimide Varnish Key Vendors Production Value Share List
Table 2025-2030 Global Polyimide Varnish Demand List By Type
Table 2025-2030 Global Polyimide Varnish Demand Market Share List By Type
Table 2025-2030 Polyimide Varnish Regional Price List
Figure Market Size Estimated Method
Figure Major Forecasting Factors
Figure Polyimide Varnish Picture
Figure 2020-2030 Regional Trade Balance
Figure 2020-2030 North America Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 North America Polyimide Varnish Market Volume And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 South America Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 South America Polyimide Varnish Market Volume And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 Asia & Pacific Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 Asia & Pacific Polyimide Varnish Market Volume And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 Europe Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 Europe Polyimide Varnish Market Volume And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 Mea Polyimide Varnish Market Size And Cagr
Figure 2020-2030 Mea Polyimide Varnish Market Volume And Cagr
Figure 2020-2025 Global Polyimide Varnish Capacity Production And Growth Rate
Figure 2020-2025 Global Polyimide Varnish Production Value And Growth Rate
Figure 2025-2030 Global Polyimide Varnish Capacity Production And Growth Rate
Figure 2025-2030 Global Polyimide Varnish Production Value And Growth Rate
Research Methodology
- Market Estimated Methodology:
Bottom-up & top-down approach, supply & demand approach are the most important method which is used by HDIN Research to estimate the market size.
1)Top-down & Bottom-up Approach
Top-down approach uses a general market size figure and determines the percentage that the objective market represents.
Bottom-up approach size the objective market by collecting the sub-segment information.
2)Supply & Demand Approach
Supply approach is based on assessments of the size of each competitor supplying the objective market.
Demand approach combine end-user data within a market to estimate the objective market size. It is sometimes referred to as bottom-up approach.
- Forecasting Methodology
- Numerous factors impacting the market trend are considered for forecast model:
- New technology and application in the future;
- New project planned/under contraction;
- Global and regional underlying economic growth;
- Threatens of substitute products;
- Industry expert opinion;
- Policy and Society implication.
- Analysis Tools
1)PEST Analysis
PEST Analysis is a simple and widely used tool that helps our client analyze the Political, Economic, Socio-Cultural, and Technological changes in their business environment.
- Benefits of a PEST analysis:
- It helps you to spot business opportunities, and it gives you advanced warning of significant threats.
- It reveals the direction of change within your business environment. This helps you shape what you’re doing, so that you work with change, rather than against it.
- It helps you avoid starting projects that are likely to fail, for reasons beyond your control.
- It can help you break free of unconscious assumptions when you enter a new country, region, or market; because it helps you develop an objective view of this new environment.
2)Porter’s Five Force Model Analysis
The Porter’s Five Force Model is a tool that can be used to analyze the opportunities and overall competitive advantage. The five forces that can assist in determining the competitive intensity and potential attractiveness within a specific area.
- Threat of New Entrants: Profitable industries that yield high returns will attract new firms.
- Threat of Substitutes: A substitute product uses a different technology to try to solve the same economic need.
- Bargaining Power of Customers: the ability of customers to put the firm under pressure, which also affects the customer's sensitivity to price changes.
- Bargaining Power of Suppliers: Suppliers of raw materials, components, labor, and services (such as expertise) to the firm can be a source of power over the firm when there are few substitutes.
- Competitive Rivalry: For most industries the intensity of competitive rivalry is the major determinant of the competitiveness of the industry.
3)Value Chain Analysis
Value chain analysis is a tool to identify activities, within and around the firm and relating these activities to an assessment of competitive strength. Value chain can be analyzed by primary activities and supportive activities. Primary activities include: inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing & sales, service. Support activities include: technology development, human resource management, management, finance, legal, planning.
4)SWOT Analysis
SWOT analysis is a tool used to evaluate a company's competitive position by identifying its strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. The strengths and weakness is the inner factor; the opportunities and threats are the external factor. By analyzing the inner and external factors, the analysis can provide the detail information of the position of a player and the characteristics of the industry.
- Strengths describe what the player excels at and separates it from the competition
- Weaknesses stop the player from performing at its optimum level.
- Opportunities refer to favorable external factors that the player can use to give it a competitive advantage.
- Threats refer to factors that have the potential to harm the player.
- Data Sources
Primary Sources | Secondary Sources |
---|---|
Face to face/Phone Interviews with market participants, such as: Manufactures; Distributors; End-users; Experts. Online Survey |
Government/International Organization Data: Annual Report/Presentation/Fact Book Internet Source Information Industry Association Data Free/Purchased Database Market Research Report Book/Journal/News |